263–93.īaud, Michiel and Willem van Schendel, 1997, ‘Towards a Comparative History of Borderlands’, Journal of World History, Vol. 139–73.īanerjee, Mukulika, 2001, Pathan Unarmed, Oxford: James Currey.īarfield, Thomas, 2004, ‘Problems in Establishing Legitimacy in Afghanistan’, Iranian Studies, Vol. Fixed Borders, State Weakness, and International Conflict’, International Security, Vol. An essay on the Geography of Anger, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Ītzili, Boaz, 2007, ‘When Good Fences Make Bad Neighbours. 78–111.Īppadurai, Arjun, 2006, Fear of Small Numbers. Performance and Politics on the Disputed Borders of Lakakh, India, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Īndreas, Peter, 2003, ‘Redrawing the Line: Borders and Security in the Twenty-first Century’, International Security, Vol. 165–99.Īggarwal, Ravina, 2004, Beyond Lines of Control. International Migration and National Security’, International Security, Vol.

The Making of Illicitness’, in van Schendel and Abraham (eds), Illicit Flows and Criminal Things, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Īdamson, Fiona, 2006, ‘Crossing Borders.

This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Ībraham, Itty and Willem van Schendel, 2005, ‘Introduction. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. In Sri Lanka, for instance, a bipolar model of negotiations, based on the assumption that there were two coherent conflicting parties - the Sri Lankan government and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Ealam (LTTE) controlling contiguous ‘real estate’ in the south and northeast respectively - failed to accommodate the complex intra-group divisions which ultimately tore the peace process apart. Peace processes that are insensitive to boundary politics risk re-igniting conflict rather than consolidating the peace.

Because they are perceived to be so important, the transition from war to peace involves complex and always conflictual bargaining about the nature of physical and social boundaries. Both war fighting and peacebuilding are in essence collective action problems involving processes of ‘debordering’ and ‘rebordering’. Which boundaries become salient and on which side of the boundary one stands may make the difference between life and death. As the quote above implies, boundaries play an ambiguous role, acting simultaneously as source of security and antagonism, inclusion and exclusion. Wherever there is violent conflict, boundaries and borders are taken seriously.

War and Peace download the new version